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BIONAID™ is a combination of technologies brought together by Burk-Elder: Hale, Third ("Elder"). Some of the technology has been around for decades, while others are only a fews years old. BIONAID™ is bottled for Elder and Range Guide Expeditions by BioAquatic, LTD, and is the latest advancement of the Bion silver particle solution (now called Bion+ BIONAID™ AuH20). BIONAID™ is a dietary supplement, not a drug. The new BIONAID™ which combines the latest technology was produced in November of 2007, and introduces the a new technology developed by Dan Nelson, a leading pioneer in "hyper-physics". The new BIONAID™ product combines decades old covalent silver production technology and the newest geometric laser technology developed by Dan Nelson among other beneficial applications. Bion Plus has been developed, studied and tested over a 15 year period in major universities, laboratories and on human subjects worldwide. All studies and tests verify Bion Plus's efficacy. BIONAID™ is the world's only Uniform Picoscalar Concentrated Oligodynamic Silver Hydrosol™ (UPCOSH™).
We hope that the reader understands why we must state, for legal reasons, that the research testimony herein is not intended to suggest that BIONAID™ is a treatment for diseases. Certain minerals are noted to be essential for immune support because of their nature, and with silver's nature being such that it naturally dispatches harmful microbes that are associated with diseases should not be considered by the reader to suggest that BIONAID™ prevents or cures diseases. The medical language that most people commonly use regarding diseases and their treatment or cure is associated with drugs. Just because BIONAID™ contains a high-quality silver mineral particle that naturally dispatches infectious microbes that are associated with diseases it should not be contrued to be a medical treatment or cure for diseases. Over time, people have come to refer to their symptoms as diseases because people have been inculcated with such erroneous thinking, ergo it is common for people to mistakenly refer to the improvements in their health (recovery from ill symptoms) with medical terms regarding diseases because this is what medical professionals, academia and the media have inculcated into their minds. The history, research and testimony presented here that refer to diseases were provided in good faith and with grateful hearts even if they use erroneous concepts about health. We intend for you to understand that their reference to diseases are mistaken in that they have innocently made reference to diseases or medical conditions to describe their improvement from using a dietary supplement that contains a mineral that naturally happens to have extremely effective immune support characteristics that are historically documented to dispatch harmful microbes that medical professionals, academia and the media have associated with "diseases" and drug cures. While recognizing the relationship between symptoms and their association with certain infections and physical anatomy is prudent and wise, creating a "medical monopoly" upon that knowledge is not in the public's best interest. You are encouraged to see the truth of the matter in the history, research and testimony on this website - that a well produced dietary supplement ingeniously supplied the right amounts of a natural mineral that supported their immune system so that the body could recover from infectious microbes. The dietary supplement did not cure or prevent a disease or medical condition - the people that provided the testimonies simply described the benefits of our dietary supplement the best they knew how to describe it, albeit erroneously. It has become quite obvious to us that using the wrong terminology can place innocent people, and innocent dietary supplements, in an awkward legal position because certain segments of society have managed to license a great deal of the terminology many people casually use to describe illnesses. The nexus lies in the fact that regulatory agencies have gone to such extremes with their control of language associated with licensed terminology to the detriment of free speech discussing healthy dietary supplements that coincidentally have good results on health problems they have associated with diseases, medical conditions, drugs and medical treatments. This has resulted in people becoming co-dependent on licensed medical remedies at great expense that by its very negative nature is a monumental health hazard of its own. The main reason for this is that medical professionals are not educated about the proper use of dietary supplements and stand to be promptly ostracized, losing their license, if they promote or prescribe dietary supplements. They are also educated to be dependent on the use of drugs for all ill-health issues. We wish to state that many medical professionals deserve our gratitude for all the good things that they have done for many, nevertheless, we reserve the right to be free from co-dependency on drug-remedies and other invasive medical measures used by medical professionals and use dietary supplements freely and wisely as we deem fit. Many of our readers have witnessed the incredible scrutiny that our use of health-freedoms have been subjected to and the freedom to speak openly is under great duress as well, and we trust that you will see the truth for yourself. We believe BIONAID™ is much too precious and critical for everyone on planet Earth, and for that reason we must take every precaution necessary to see that it gets to the needy. Therefor, you must realize that the history, research and testimony herein, though genuine and sincere, may erroneously refer to diseases or medical conditions, and that in none of the history, research and testimony herein was anyone truly meaning to treat, cure, diagnose, or mitigate any disease or medical condition, and any stated effect on so-called medical conditions or diseases stated therein are totally and completely coincidental and a result of erronoeous information given to the public by medical professionals, academia and the media. See a doctor for your medical needs, as BIONAID™ is not for medical use - it's for dietary use. The speed of recovery from infections depends on the severity of and damage from the infection, and the life-style of the persons using the BIONAID™ immune support dietary supplement. A personal comment from Elder: "BIONAID™ is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor. BIONAID™ is not intended to replace the divine power available to you that is above the carnal thinking and ways of mankind. BIONAID™ is simply a dietary supplement that permits a better quality of life for those that seek quality over quantity, and those that prefer to avoid risky and invasive medical practices. The history, research and testimony presented here is not soley for promoting sales of BIONAID™, but to let everyone know that there is an alternative to be grateful for, as it's application by more and more people is beneficial to all concerned about infectious microbes that cause illness and all the other logistical problems associated with illness. We take comfort in knowing that we are prepared for a pandemic, or that we can help prevent one. Anyone that would engage in the criminal behaviour of secreting the knowledge of BIONAID™ from the public, especially when we are being warned of an inevitable pandimic crises, should be indicted for high crimes. Anyone that would indirectly seek to prevent the public from freely obtaining BIONAID™ as a dietary supplement by erroneously calling it a drug for regulated applications only should also be indicted for high crimes. In light of the world-wide concern about antibiotic resistant, mutating microbes that vaccines cannot timely prevent, anyone that would in any way thwart the people from freely obtaining BIONAID™ should be equated with a person hell-bent on mass-murder. BIONAID™ is precious to us all. BIONAID™ serves national security, public interest, health education, social welfare, civilization's safety and world peace."
Water is the most precious substance on Earth.
Bion+ Bionaid AuH20 - The world's most advanced The world's only Uniform Picoscalar Concentrated Oligodynamic Silver Hydrosol™ (UPCOSH™) BIONAID™ is H2O, which is two Hydrogen Atoms sharing electrons with One Oxygen Atom. The Bion Reactor Strips Hydrogen Atoms which contain 1 Proton and 1 Electron from the Oxygen Atom making a positively charged Oxygen Ion +2 (it wants two electrons) Simultaneously Supercharged Negative Silver Ions (which have 47 electrons) and millions of electrons are created by the reactor (1M to 2M). Up to a million or so Oxygen Atoms immediately bond to each Silver Ion by grabbing two of the millions of electrons from the Silver Ion and sharing them with the Silver Ion as well as with other oxygen molecules already attached to the Silver Ion. The result is a clear liquid silver solution with an indefinate shelf-life that retains it effectiveness irregardless of sunlight or temperature. Bionaid contains several trace minerals, but the one focused on here is the covalent silver. BIONAID™ is under 3 ppm because is doesn't need to be higher to be the most effective silver solution. To see a history of pre-UPCOSH™ oligodynamic silver solutions read "A Promising Cure for URTI Pandemics, Including H5N1 and SARS: Has the Final Solution to the Coming Plagues Been Discovered? (Part II)". As multitudes of positively charged oxygen ions bond to the negatively charged silver ion the charge of the overall molecule becomes positive due to the ratio of positively charged protons in the nucleus of the oxygen atoms being greater than the number of electrons being shared amongst the other oxygen molecules and silver ion. The molecule therefore at any chance will continue to attract negatively charged electrons found in hostile organisms. Hostile, gram-negative Bacteria, Viruses, Molds etc. have one electron (-1) in their molecular makeup. They are therefore attracted to the Bion molecule and die once they contact the Bion molecule because the Bion molecule steals the electron from it changing its polarity and killing it in the process. As electrons are collected full oxygen atoms are released from the Bion molecule and the positive charge of the molecule is maintained. These molecules are permanently suspended in water and are not toxic to the body. Unlike a standard silver ion, which is missing one electron and will try to collect one electron before it is inert and no longer affective in killing bacteria or other harmful organisms, the Bion molecule can continue to attract millions of infectious organisms and continue to kill them. BIONAID™ could be used in research to treat malaria-infested ponds or other water supplies that are undrinkable and turn them into safe sources of water for millions who are currently drinking infected waters. A simplified analogy (for legal reasons we must present this specifically as theoretical only) regarding the superior effectiveness of BIONAID™ over average colloidal silver is as follows: A petri dish with a million infectious bacteria is the test subject. If a molecule of the average colloidal silver comes in contact with 15 of the infectious bacteria they will die, but normally no more than 15 because the average colloidal silver particle has exhausted its electron potentials for eliminating infectious micro-organisms. A drop of BIONAID™, when placed in an identical petri dish with the same amount of infectious bateria comes into contact with the all the infectious bacteria it will kill all the infectious bacteria and sterilize the petri dish. One of the key attributes of the BIONAID™ particle is its covalent bond with multitudes of oxygen atoms and their electrons that extend the frequency of silver exponentially in addition to the atoms of the silver. Added to this is the particle size and the surface area contact potential. Bioactivity is rated as the amount of the positive charge held by a particle (molecule) which is the result of the presence of a greater number of protons than electrons in that molecule. The "best" form of an average colloidal silver molecule has 15 more protons than electrons giving it a plus 15 rating, i.e, it can destroy fifteen bacteria/viruses etc., before loosing its bioactive properties. This is another reason BIONAID™ is superior - its high bioactivity levels are unmatched by other silver dietary supplements and their manufacturers. Manufacturers of average colloidal silver may tell you that these scientific facts are meaningless because they do not possess the advanced technology used to create UPCOSH™. UPCOSH™ on bacteria extends beyond its known lethal oxidation of the pathogen. It also involves an "intermolecular electron transfer," resulting in an electrocution of the pathogen; a binding and chelating to essential pathogen receptor sites, which defeats the pathogen's mechanisms of invasion into host cells; and an ion non-dependent heightened catalytic action and cleavage, which fragments essential pathogen/proteinaceous structures. The size of the UPCOSH™ particle in colloidal dispersion creates a cumulative surface area. The antimicrobial actions of biocatalysts like UPCOSH™ are directly proportional to the adsorption power upon a pathogen. There was a geometric progression related to the surface area of UPCOSH™ particles by assuming a starting point of one cubic centimeter of silver. When silver is incrementally reduced into smaller and smaller cubes, the net silver particles produced will eventually approach 9 square mile surface areas. UPCOSH™ generates an adsorption power many magnitudes of order greater than any previous silver hydrosol product.
Summary Research Papers On UPCOSH™ Our BIONAID™ product, containing extremely low amounts of covalent silver and ionic silver, that can never cause skin discoloration (Argyria), has not been formally approved by the FDA and/or the AMA, and the statements on this website have not been approved by the FDA and/or the AMA. BIONAID™ is only sold as a dietary supplement, not a drug. We do not make any medical claims for BIONAID and we do not imply, intend or suggest in any manner whatsoever that BIONAID™ has any biological activity on the human body that would require the FDA to classify this product as a drug. We make no medical claims as to the benefits of any of our products to improve medical conditions. Results vary from person to person, and should you believe that you have an alergy to trace minerals, including silver, consult a medical professional before using BIONAID™ or reading any further. FDA & AMA regulations require the following disclaimer: All information provided here may be educational, but is exclusively for research and investigative purposes only and is not intended to be construed as medical advice, nor are we intending to practice medicine or lead anyone away from a doctor. We make absolutely no claims of any cure or for any disease. This product can only be sold in the United States for veterinary use, equipment testing, or for your personal investigation into the effects of covalent silver. Also, if you have a serious medical condition, the use of this technology should not replace any competent medical advice you are currently receiving. Our experiences have been that most people will use this technology while continuing to visit their usual medical professionals.
DISCLAIMER FOR BIONAID™ According to certain legal regulations, covalent silver has to include the following disclaimer: Be it known that the information herein may be educational and should not be used to diagnose or prescribe treatment of specific diseases. We make absolutely no claims of any cure for any disease. While all information provided herein may be educational, it is strictly for investigative purposes only and is not intended to be construed as medical advice, nor are we intending to practice medicine or lead anyone away from a doctor. We make absolutely no claims of any cure or for any disease. Products should be used for experimental use only and in accordance with the regulations of the country you are in. Belize Hospital for STDs / Dr. George Carr: Treatment of 100 HIV-positive patients resulted in HIV-negative tests after treated with CMV3 (equivilant of Bion) covalent silver; females giving birth, after the experiment, had babies with no HIV antibodies. ATLAS CONSULTANTS INC., LAS VEGAS / March 10, 2003: E. Coli - killed with CMV3 (equivilant of Bion). Instituto Genesis West - Provida: Findings show an apparent immune-stimulating response action from covalent silver and a decrease in liver stress, both in the in-vitro and the in-vivo experiment; parasitic forms in the plasma and bacterial activity decreased to zero. The presence of pathogenic Somatids at the beginning of study, decreased when covalent silver was used. University of California, Los Angeles : Peripheral Blood Mononuclear cells infected with HIV_1 JRCSF, were treated with covalent silver. On day 7, the cells were microscopically examined and were found to be no different from normal, healthy cells. Southwest Laboratories, San Antonio, Texas: The silver is permanently suspended and cannot be altered. Texas A & M University, Bryan, Texas: Covalent silver was found to have disinfecting characteristics and is known as a water purifier. Creighton University, Nebraska: Covalent silver was bactericidal at a dilution of 1/2 for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also Staphylococcus aureus, during a 24-hour test. University of Florida: This study, in vitro, showed nematodes treated with covalent silver killed the plant parasitic nematode (Radopholus similes) and insect parasitic nematode (Steinernema sp.), with no effect on non-parasitic nematodes. Historical Information On Clinical Tests On Covalent Silver Covalent silver has been successfully tested at the UCLA Medical Labs where it eliminated every virus on which it was tested. Laboratory tests in 1988 by Larry C. Ford, M.D., UCLA School of Medicine, and other researchers have shown that bacteria, viruses and even some fungi cannot live more than six minutes in contact with silver in its metallic form. Many other pathogens are destroyed because the electric charge on the silver particles cause their internal protoplast to collapse, and still others are rendered unable to reproduce. Silver deficiency is responsible for the improper functioning of the immune system. According to extensive research into the curative properties of silver for many years at the Upstate Medical Centre, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY. What we have actually done is rediscover the fact that silver kills bacteria which has been known for centuries. When antibiotics were discovered, clinical uses for silver as an antibiotic were discarded. Recurrent sinus infections (oral ingestion) resolved in eight days. Following is a sampling of the scientific reports supporting the effectiveness of BIONAID™. Creighton University, Nebraska (1988) • Sample was spiked with numerous parasitic pathogens, bacteria, and viruses. University of California, Los Angeles (1994) BioAquatic Bion Water (BA-273/CMV3) treatment of Normal PHA Stimulated Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Infected with HIV_1 JRCFS. Acquired Human Immune-Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease which targets and depletes the body's T helper cells. It is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV_1). Viral load, as measured in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) cultures, have been shown to correlate with early infection progression and loss of CD4 cells. Similarly suppression of viral replication by an antiretroviral agent in Vitro is a clear indication that such an agent could be a potential candidate for treatment of HIV_1 infection. In this experiment, PHA stimulated PBLs infected with HIV_1 JRCSF were treated with BA-273 agent. Supernatants were harvested on day 4 and day 7 tested for P24, to evaluate the inhibitory effect of BA-273 agent on the virus. Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes from a normal donor were stimulated in a PHA containing medium for 72 hours. Cells were washed in RPMI 1640 serum free, re-suspended in a growth medium (RPMI+20% PBS and 10 units/ml IL_2). Cells were counted. 30 million cells were inoculated with HIV_1 JRCSF, at a dose of 10ng P24 virus/ 10 million cells. Add 15ul polybrene. Incubate at 37 degrees Celsius, for two hours. Wash 2* in serum-free RPMI Re-suspend in growth medium at a density of one million cells/ml. Distribute in a 24-well plate: 1 ml cell suspension per well. Add BA-273 agent at different concentrations in triplicate wells. Use the first three wells as controls. On day 4, culture was microscopically observed, the cells all looked healthy. There appeared to be no negative reaction due to the addition of BA-273 at any concentration: 10ul, 20ul, 40ul, 80ul, 160ul, or 200ul. Cells in control wells looked no different from those in treated well, indicating a positive dose response. BA- 273 has not affected the conditions of the cells. On day 7, cells were microscopically examined again and similar observations were made as on day 4. (covalent silver had successfully destroyed 30 million infected cultures, most of which were HIV). P24 RESULTS in ng/ml Instituto Genesis West-Provida (1994) BioAquatic Bion Water has an anti-parasitic condition property in vivo and in vitro. Target cells decreased in number during the study. This parasitic condition not only decreased after the first dose, but also eventually disappeared. The parasitic condition corresponded to the Somatid Cycle, where it was seen to reverse from a pathogenic to a non-pathogenic cycle. Bion Water has no effect on red blood cells. The presence of parasitic forms in the plasma and bacterial activity presented the patient on arrival was (+++) which, after the first dose, decreased to (+) and then decreased to 0. This means a decrease and then a complete elimination of the parasitic condition. Target cells were seen with (+++) in the second sample taken and decreased to (+). The presence of pathogenic Somatids at the beginning of the study varied from rod to mycelial and asci forms. These were corrected by the second dose of Bion Water. It is important to record the patient was completing a course of antibiotics. However, there is no relationship between the diminishing of pathogenic forms and the use of antibiotics, but there is a decrease when 714x is used. In this case the patient had already started the 714x program. 714x typically shows changes within the first 21-day cycle. The amount of nonpathogenic Somatids was zero at the beginning, and starting to increase with the presence of the double spores that were in the limit of becoming pathogenic, just prior to the second dose. This pattern was stable until the end of the study. Further investigations must be made. The yeast/fungus was present at all times in large amounts (+++), with pathogenic forms. The pathogenicity was determined by the presence of large colonies five minutes after taking the blood sample. These differed from the results of the invitro samples, where all the fungus was phagocytised, as previously discussed. The presence of fungus is related to the pH of the plasma, nutrition habits, and immune system activity. The cellular immune system activity was low as was the white cell proportion, with a predominance of neutrophils and eosinophils in the first reading. This slowly improved starting with better proportions of white cells and continuing with better activity. This level of activity was sustained until the end of the study. This corresponds to the in vitro analysis. It can therefore be assumed that there is an immune stimulating response action from Bion Water both in the in-vitro and in-vivo experiment. During the study with Bion Water there was a decrease in liver stress. This was seen by a reduction of the fibrin spicules. The patient did not receive any liver protectors, therefore Bion Water has a liver protector effect. The high cholesterol observed in the beginning of the study showed a sudden decrease immediately after the second dose of Bion Water, from (+++) to (+) in a period of less than a month. Southwest Laboratories, San Antonio, Texas (1998) • Product was tested using all the standard procedures. Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas (1992) • This product has disinfecting characteristics.
BIONAID™ Ionic Silver Research There are people who try to make you believe your body can process raw metallic crystals (particles) and thus sell nearly useless product. They don't have Covalent Silver. Their only saving grace is that their product usually contains at least some bio-available silver ions. Following are brief statements taken from many studies. Please note that references are to ions, not metallic atoms or Covalent Silver particles (BIONAID™ has both), crystals or salts. While body electrolytes can release a few ions of silver from metallic silver (see Silverlon band aid below) it is far from the benefits of the direct oral intake of trillions of silver ions establishing an effective dose in the blood. At 5PPM there are over 100 trillion ions/tablespoon, the number of cells in a human body. BIONAID™ is just under 3ppm Covalent Silver Hydrosol and 3ppm Ionic Silver Hydrosol. The extremely small covalent particle will not show up in standard ppm tests, so ionic particles must be included for us to make claims that silver is in the product. The test for revealing the covalent particle content is extremely expensive. Digestion and absorption begins in the mouth. Your saliva has over 200 different proteins and fully one third of body proteins are metalloproteins I.E. carrying metallic ions. Thus, reactive ions (missing one or more electrons) can be transported past the stomach and thru the circulatory system without local reactions. Metal ion substitution permits even a zinc metalloprotein to take up the silver ion and release the zinc ion. The free, ionized zinc, which would be toxic if permitted to accumulate, binds to a metal regulatory element on the promoter region of the metallothionein gene and "turns on" the synthesis of more metallothionein. Ion channel formation "Transmembrane ion transport, a critical process in providing energy for cell functions, is carried out by pore-forming macromolecules capable of discriminating among very similar ions and responding to changes in membrane potential. It is widely regarded that ion channels are exclusively proteins, relatively late arrivals in cell evolution." Silver exporting ATPase Hydrolases: Act on acid anhydrides, Catalysing transmembrane movement of substances. The ion pump mechanism utilizes energy from ATP to force ions thru a cell membrane, verses the passive diffusion, in which case the protein (in the cell membrane) that allows this transport is called an ion channel. See: Protein Database for data on this view (*below) of a silver substituted metalloprotein, a very small protein composed of only 294 atoms! (PDB # 1AQQ)
*Deitch, E.A., Marino, A.A., Gillespie, T.E., and Albright, J.A. Silver-nylon: A New Antimicrobial Agent Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 23, 356, 1983 (Silverlon Bandaid fabric): "The choice of an appropriate delivery system of silver has been a significant problem. A variety of creams, solutions, foils and mixtures have been studied. Silver compounds produce their antimicrobial effects by the time-dependent release of silver ions, and their clinical efficacy is directly related to the constant presence of free silver ions in the local environment. Substances that release silver ions rapidly such as silver nitrate require frequent applications to achieve clinically effective concentrations of silver ions in local wounds. In contrast agents such as silver Sulfadiazine, which releases silver into wounds more slowly is associated with a more constant level or local silver ions and thus requires drug application only twice per day. This paper introduces silver nylon as a useful substance for delivering sufficient levels of silver to eradicate local soft tissue infections." Ed. Please note they are speaking of a local silver ion need, as at a wound site, rather then establishing a therapeutic level in the blood via oral ion capture by ligands (metalloproteins) in the saliva. Proteins include: Enzymes, neurotransmittors and some hormones, antibodies, ion channels, receptor sites, etc. "The mammalian form of MT appears to have the principal physiological role of providing a homeostatic function for copper and zinc. They are able to distribute these metal ions when required for the synthesis of metal-dependant cellular compounds. They have been referred to as "metal transfer agents" because of their role in depositing or removing (Ed: a specific case) zinc from zinc-dependant proteins." "Metallothionein (MT) is a relatively small molecule that binds heavy metals including silver, cadmium, copper and zinc, and is made by most cells in our body. Its production can be induced in the intestinal cells where it is thought to help keep us from absorbing a lot of toxic heavy metals such as cadmium. MT is also thought to be involved in the regulation of the cellular concentration of the essential minerals copper and zinc. The lining of our blood vessels is made up of a specific cell type called endothelial cells. Whereas the intestinal cell is the first barrier to the absorption of minerals, the endothelial cells are the secondary barrier to getting minerals into our tissues and organs. " "Cells are constantly pumping ions in and out through their plasma membranes. In fact, more than half the energy that our bodies consume is used by cells to drive the protein pumps in the brain that do nothing else but transport ions across plasma membranes of nerve cells. How can ions be transported across membranes that are effectively impermeable to them? Cells contain proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer of their plasma membranes and extend from one side of the membrane through to the other. Such transmembrane proteins can function to effect ion transport in several ways. "As to the action of silver in the body, while there may be some catalytic action, silver ions will adhere to the sulphydral groups on bacterial cell walls and thus compromise the action of enzymes and so on, silver has also been found bonded to the DNA and RNA of bacterial cells, having presumably disrupted the cell wall enough to gain entry. Interestingly, it has also been found that if one removes the silver bonded to the cell wall of bacteria, that the bacteria is able to revive." As an extension of the chemistry of metal thiolates, the study on the metal-ion binding ability of recombinant MT was undertaken by this group about ten years ago. The genetic engineering approach has allowed us to express several MT of different species (mouse, drosophila, crustacean, human,...) as well as their constitutive domains separately with a high purity and yield. More recently, the metal binding abilities of these metalloproteins in the presence of several metal ions (Zn, Cd, Cu, Ag, Hg, Pb,...) has been analyzed and the influence of several factors (pH, stabilization time required, temperature, ...) considered. The quality of the recombinant proteins has provided a deeper insight on the behaviour of the proteins than that obtained from native or chemically synthetized MT. Currently, our efforts are devolved to the role of zinc as a structural element in MxZny-MT species, the possible function of MT as a radical scavenger and the genesis and differentiation of the MT proteins along the evolution of living organisms. This group is one of the two partners of the Group of Synthesis and Modeling of Transition Metal Systems, which has been awarded the qualification of Quality Research Group by the CIRIT (Generalitat de Catalunya; Identification number 1997SGR 00411). The group has a well stablished collaboration with the research groups headed by Prof. Agust Lleds Falc (Department of Chemistry, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) and by Dr. íSlvia Atrian i Ventura (Department of Genetics, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona), and by Dr. William Clegg (Department of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, UK). One-third of all proteins are "metalloproteins", chemical combinations of protein atoms (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur) with ions of metals such as iron, calcium, copper, and zinc. The hemoglobin, for example, that carries oxygen in the bloodstream, is an iron-containing metalloprotein. The metal ions in metalloproteins are critical to the protein's function, structure, or stability. In fact, numerous essential biological functions require metal ions, and most of these metal ion functions involve metalloproteins. Thus, metalloproteins make life on Earth possible and the ability to understand and ultimately control the binding and activity of protein metal sites is of great biological and medical importance. Complex ions, or coordinated complexes as they are also called, generally consist of a positively charged central metal atom or ion, like the zinc in tetramine zinc, surrounded by electron-donating, or basic, groups called ligands ; in the tetrammine zinc complex, the NH3 groups are the ligands. The number of bonds connecting the ligands to the central atom or ion is its coordination number, or ligancy. Transition metals (see transition elements ) are especially suited for forming complex ions because they have filled or partially filled electron orbitals that can participate in bonding the ligands to the metal. The bonding holding the ligands to the central atom or ion is similar to covalent bonding between atoms but is more complex (see chemical bond ). All the ligands surrounding the central ion need not be the same, and some positions can be occupied by solvent molecules. Because ligands remain in a fixed position around a central atom or ion, in many complexes different isomers , or arrangements, of the ligand groups are possible. When there are four or more ligands around a central atom, different stereoisomers, or spatial configurations, are possible (see stereochemistry). Many complex ions are colored; the specific color of a complex depends on both the central atom or ion and the ligands. For example, when cobaltous chloride is dissolved in water, a pale pink solution, sometimes called invisible ink, results because of the presence of the hydrated cobaltous ion, Co(H2O)6+2; this solution does not show up well on paper, but if the paper is heated to drive the water off, visibility improves because of the formation of a blue tetrachlorocobalt (II)-2 complex. Some of the more important complex ions are vitamin B12, chlorophyll, and the heme component of hemoglobin, in which the central metal ions are cobalt, magnesium, and iron, respectively, and the ligands are complex organic systems. Many enzymes contain a metal ion about which parts of the protein are coordinated. Scientists from several areas, dealing with spectroscopy and electron-transfer mechanisms, often use metalloproteins in which a metal at the active site has been substituted by another metal ion, like Co,Zn, Hg, Cd. Examples are zinc-substituted cytochromes and cobalt-substituted ferredoxins. The names for such modified proteins are easily given by using indications like: 'zinc-substituted ....'. In case of multi-metal proteins, where ambiguity might arise about which metal has been substituted, one could easily add in parentheses the name of the metal that has been replaced, such as: cobalt-substituted [Fe] nitrogenase. As to the action of silver in the body, while there may be some catalytic action, silver ions will adhere to the sulphydral groups on bacterial cell walls and thus compromise the action of enzymes and so on, silver has also been found bonded to the DNA and RNA of bacterial cells, having presumably disrupted the cell wall enough to gain entry. Interestingly, it has also been found that if one removes the silver bonded to the cell wall of bacteria, that the bacteria is able to revive. The mammalian form of MT appears to have the principal physiological role of providing a homeostatic function for copper and zinc. They are able to distribute these metal ions when required for the synthesis of metal-dependant cellular compounds. They have been referred to as "metal transfer agents" because of their role in depositing or removing zinc from zinc-dependant proteins. Metallothionein Structure The protein is composed of a polypeptide chain of 61 amino acid residues of which there are 20 cysteine residues and many lysine´s and arginines. The amino acid structure of MTs has been highly conserved throughout evolution and changes have been conservative with regard to chemical and space-filling properties. It should also be noted that there are no aromatic amino acids and very few bulky aliphatic ones. All the cysteines occur in the reduced forms and the metal ions are co-ordinated to them through mercaptide bonds. Metallothionein (MT) is a relatively small molecule that binds heavy metals including silver, cadmium, copper and zinc, and is made by most cells in our body. Its production can be induced in the intestinal cells where it is thought to help keep us from absorbing a lot of toxic heavy metals such as cadmium. MT is also thought to be involved in the regulation of the cellular concentration of the essential minerals copper and zinc. The lining of our blood vessels is made up of a specific cell type called endothelial cells. Whereas the intestinal cell is the first barrier to the absorption of minerals, the endothelial cells are the secondary barrier to getting minerals into our tissues and organs. Metallothionein (MT) is a low-molecular-weight protein ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. MT has an unusual amino acid composition in that it has no aromatic amino acids and one-third of its residues are cysteines. These cysteine residues bind and store metal ions (2). The MT multigene family is composed of at least four isoforms. MT-I and -II exist in all tissues, are regulated in a coordinate fashion, and appear functionally equivalent. Other members of the MT gene family, however, show different patterns of expression: MT-III is found mainly in brain (4) and MT-IV in stratified squamous epithelium. MT-III and -IV are regulated very differently than MT-I and -II and their significance is not yet understood. Evidence also suggests a role for MT in protection aginst oxidative stress. MT can serve as a sacrificial scavenger for hydroxyl radicals in vitro and protect against free radical-induced DNA damage. MT can also assume the function of superoxide dismutase in yeast and protect against lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte ghosts produced by xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Hepatocytes from MT-null mice are more sensitive than control cells to oxidative damage produced by t-butylhydroperoxide and paraquat . MT is induced by oxidative stress-producing chemicals and thus may protect against oxidative damage and the toxicity of alkylating anticancer drugs. The proteins of the metallothionein superfamily are resposible for primary metal storage, transport and detoxification of the cell. Most are found within the cytosol but a few are found in the nucleus, especially in mammalian metallothioneins in the ACE1 complex which is concerned with gene expression. Ag-metallothionein has only been found in Saccharomyces Crevisiae to date. Ag-Metallothionein 3D solution structure of copper and silver-substituted yeast metallothioneins. For the first 40 residues in both structures, the polypeptide backbone wraps around the metal cluster in two large parallel loops separated by a deep cleft containing the metal cluster. Minor differences between the two structures include differences in hydrogen bonds and the orientation of the N-terminus with the overall protein volume conserved to within 6.5%. A second adaptive and protective response to toxic metal exposure is induction of metallothionein synthesis. Metallothioneins are a fascinating group of low molecular weight, intracellular proteins that serve as a storage depot for copper and zinc, and "scavenge" sulfhydryl-reactive metals that enter the cell. Metallothioneins across species are rich in cysteine (~30%) and have higher affinities for Hg and Cd than for zinc.25 Therefore as Hg and Cd bind to metallothionein, and are restricted from entering the mitochondria, zinc is released. The free, ionized zinc, which would be toxic if permitted to accumulate, binds to a metal regulatory element on the promoter region of the metallothionein gene and "turns on" the synthesis of metallothionein.25 Such induction of metallothionein provides increased binding capacity for both toxic metals (protective) and zinc (functional). l Elemental Composition Cells are 90% water. Of the remaining molecules present, the dry weight is approximately: 50% protein 15% carbohydrate 15% nucleic acid 10% lipid 10% miscellaneous Total approximate composition by element: 60% H 25% O 12% C 5% N Note that these four elements make up almost the entire composition of all living organisms. The only other notable elements that are significant constituents of biological molecules are P, phosphorus, and S, sulphur. In addition, living things use traces of sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, and iron, and even less of certain other metals (see Purves page 20). Organelles are small structures within cells that perform dedicated functions. As the name implies, you can think of organelles as small organs. There are a dozen different types of organelles commonly found in eukaryotic cells. Nucleus This is where the DNA is kept and RNA is transcribed. RNA is transported out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores. Proteins needed inside the nucleus are transported in through the nuclear pores. The nucleolus is usually visible as a dark spot in the nucleus (note the dark nucleolus in this electron microscope photo of a nucleus), and is the site of ribosome formation. Ribosomes Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis , where RNA is translated into protein. Protein synthesis is extremely important to cells, and so large numbers of ribosomes are found throughout cells (often numbering in the hundreds or thousands). Ribosomes exist floating freely in the cytoplasm, and also bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER bound to ribosomes is called rough ER because the ribosomes appear as black dots on the ER in electron microscope photos, giving the ER a rough texture. These organelles are quite small, made up of 50 proteins and several long RNAs intricately bound together. Ribosomes have no membrane. Ribosomes disassemble into two subunits when not actively synthesizing protein. Mitochondria Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) are the sites of aerobic respiration, and generally are the major energy production center in eukaryotes. Mitochondria have two membranes, an inner and an outer, clearly visible in this electron microscope photo of a mitochondrion. Note the reticulations, or many infoldings, of the inner membrane, This serves to increase the surface area of membrane on which membrane-bound reactions can take place. The existence of this double membrane has led many biologists to theorize that mitochondria are the descendants of some bacteria that was endocytosed by a larger cell billions of years ago, but not digested. This fascinating theory of symbiosis, which might lend an explanation to the development of eukaryotic cells, has additional supporting evidence. Mitochondria have their own DNA and their own ribosomes; and those ribosomes are more similar to bacterial ribosomes than to eukaryotic ribosomes. Chloroplasts These organelles are the site of photosynthesis in plants and other photosynthesizing organisms. They also have a double membrane. There is a more complete description of the chloroplast here, in the chapter on photosynthesis. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) The ER is the transport network for molecules targeted for certain modifications and specific final destinations, as opposed to molecules that are destined to float freely in the cytoplasm. There are two types of ER, rough and smooth. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, and smooth ER does not. Golgi apparatus This organelle modifies molecules and packages them into small membrane bound sacs called vesicles. These sacs can be targetted at various locations in the cell and even to its exterior. Lysosome This organelle digests waste materials and food within the cell, breaking down molecules into their base components with strong digestive enzymes . Here we can see an advantage of the compartmentalization of the eukaryotic cell: the cell could not support such destructive enzymes if they were not contained in a membrane-bound lysosome . In practice, given the structure of known membrane proteins , these holes are only large enough to allow the passage of small molecules through the plasma membrane, almost always simple ions like hydrogen, potassium or sodium. The ions may pass through the hole or orifice by passive diffusion, in which case the protein that allows this transport is called an ion channel. Alternatively, the transmembrane protein may invest energy, usually derived from ATP, to actively force ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other, in which case it will be an ion pump. Cells are constantly pumping ions in and out through their plasma membranes. In fact, more than half the energy that are bodies consume is used by cells to drive the protein pumps in the brain that do nothing else but transport ions across plasma membranes of nerve cells. How can ions be transported across membranes that are effectively impermeable to them? Cells contain proteins that are embedded in the lipid bilayer of their plasma membranes and extend from one side of the membrane through to the other. Such transmembrane proteins can function to effect ion transport in several ways. But how can they cope with the energetically highly unfavorable situation in which an ion must pass through the hydrophobic inner layers of the plasma membrane? Domains If we examine the detailed structures of many transmembrane proteins, we see that they often have three different domains, two hydrophilic and one hydrophobic . A hydrophilic domain (consisting of hydrophilic amino acids) at the N-terminus is poking out in the extracellular medium, a hydrophobic domain in the middle of the amino acid chain, often only 20-30 amino acids long, is threaded through the plasma membrane, and a hydrophilic domain at the C-terminus protrudes into the cytoplasm. The transmembrane domain, because it is made of amino acids having hydrophobic side chains, exists comfortably in the hydrophobic inner layers of the plasma membrane. Because these transmembrane domains anchor many proteins in the lipid bilayer, these proteins are not free-floating and cannot be isolated and purified biochemically without first dissolving away the lipid bilayer with detergents. (Indeed, much of the washing we do in our lives is necessitated by the need to solubilize proteins that are embedded in lipid membranes using detergents!) Ionic Silver Summary: Results of competing ligand equilibration experiments indicate that the majority of Ag(I) in the filtered phase of river water and sewage treatment plant effluent is strongly complexed to ligands present in those systems. Furthermore, appreciable fractions of these Ag(I) complexes adsorb to Teflon surfaces in unacidified samples. These complexes do not, however, adsorb to glass surfaces. Oxidation of river water and effluent reduce the fraction of Teflon-adsorbed Ag to undetectable levels. These observations indicate that Ag(I) in river waters and effluents is present in the form of strong complexes that are hydrophobic in nature. Organic matter containing thiol functionalities is likely to cause this behavior. Formation of hydrophobic complexes may enhance the bioavailability of Ag(I). Short-term (less then 1 h) silver uptake by the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was measured in the laboratory in defined inorganic media in the presence or absence of ligands (chloride and thiosulfate). In contradiction to the Free-Ion Model of metal uptake, silver accumulation by the alga proved to be sensitive to the choice of ligand used to buffer the free silver concentration. For a low fixed free Ag+ concentration of 10 nM, silver uptake in the presence of thiosulfate (0.11 µM) was 2X greater than in the presence of chloride (4 mM). When sulfate was removed from the exposure medium, silver uptake in the presence of thiosulfate was even more markedly enhanced (more than 4X greater than in the presence of chloride). Varying the sulfate concentration in the exposure medium only affected silver uptake if thiosulfate was present. We conclude that silver-thiosulfate complexes are transported across the plasma membrane via sulfate / thiosulfate transport systems, and that sulfate acts as a competitive inhibitor of this uptake mechanism. http://www.orgchm.bas.bg/~kaneti/base.html Silver ion chromatography has been and still is the core method of lipid analysis. The method is based on the distinctive property of unsaturated organic compounds to form weak charge transfer complexes with silver ion [1]. Thus, lipid molecules are separated into groups according to the overall number of the double bonds in the fatty acid residues. Analysis of Ionic Silver in Freshwater and Freshwater Sedimentation Introduction Silver (Ag), in its ionic form, is one of the most toxic heavy metals, surpassed only by mercury. When presented as silver nitrate in laboratory water, Ag is highly toxic to freshwater fish, with median lethal concentration (LC50) values between 5 - 60 µg Ag/L.1 However, Ag complexed with inorganic cations such as thiosulfate and sulfide have been shown to be less toxic by orders of magnitude for both fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).2 It is clear that water chemistry plays a crucial role in the toxicity of Ag in freshwater species.As a type-B metal cation, Ag+ tends to coordinate and complex soft bases such as sulfur, and the high stability constants for organosulfurs complexed with silver are indicative of this fact. Elevated concentrations of silver are usually associated with industrial processes such as mining and photographic processing and Silver found in photographic effluents is predominantly discharged as a soluble, undissociated silver thiosulfate complex. During secondary waste treatment, the thiosulfate complexes are converted to chemically inert silver sulfide (Ag2S), which is highly insoluble in water (solubility coefficient = 310-10 mg/L for natural waters).3 As a result, the majority of the silver which is treated is incorporated into sludge, which is later shipped away from the treatment plant as solid waste. Hence, silver which is discharged to the environment exists in a colloidal or particulate phase and is very quickly scavenged by suspended sediments. Background aqueous Ag(I) concentrations in freshwater samples are generally very low (in units of picomols/L) because of the strong binding of silver with sulfur. Background The Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) is a model that incorporates metal speciation and the protective effects of competing cations to predict metal binding at the fish gill or other site of action of acute metal toxicity in aquatic organisms (i.e., the "biotic ligand") (Figure 1). The Agency has proposed that the BLM be included in an integrated approach to metals management, including establishment of metals water quality criteria. National ambient water quality criteria (WQC) consist of 3 components: the concentration of the pollutant that will protect 95% of aquatic species; a time period over which exposure is to be averaged; and the allowable frequency for exceeding the criteria. The allowable concentrations of the pollutant generally are based on laboratory toxicity tests using a specified array of test species, and are expressed in terms of a criterion maximum concentration (CMC) to protect against acute (short-term) effects and a criterion continuous concentration (CCC) to protect against chronic (long-term) effects. At the request of the EPA Office of Water, the Ecological Processes and Effects Committee (EPEC) of the Science Advisory Board (SAB) met on April 6-7, 1999 to review the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) for predicting the acute toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms. The BLM has been developed to improve the estimation of the bioavailable fraction of dissolved metals, such as copper and silver, that may pose a risk to aquatic organisms in surface waters. The Agency proposes to incorporate the BLM in its approach to establishing water quality criteria that will be protective of aquatic organisms. The distinguishing feature of the model, in contrast to approaches based only upon estimation of free metal ions as the toxic species, is its capability to predict the competition of the free metal ion with other cations (e.g., Ca, H) and other ligands (DOC) for binding with the "biotic ligand" (the site of membrane transport and route of direct uptake of freely dissolved metals). The presence of these cations and ligands in solution can mitigate toxicity in a predictable fashion based on their relative concentrations and strengths of binding. The model allows changes in toxicity under equilibrium conditions to be estimated across ranges of key water quality parameters (pH, alkalinity, hardness, and DOC). Furthermore, through the model's ability to integrate the binding site density of the biotic ligand, conditional stability constants for the metal-ligand complex and competing cations, and measured or postulated water quality conditions, the acute toxicological effects of a metal in a broad range of waters can be normalized to a common metric (e.g., gill-metal LC50). This unifying feature offers a powerful and consistent approach to comparing potential effects of metals among effects of metals among differing surface waters and changing conditions within a single water body.
Geometric Laser, Hyper-Physics & Aquaporin In considering our product, BIONAID™, remember that what you start with has a lot to do with what your end product becomes. What makes this difficult to explain, even for the well educated scientist, is that the new realm of hyper-physics is consistently being rejected by those committed to antiquated physics (e.g., those that never believed that silver could be permanently suspended in water as it was against their accepted beliefs, or agenda, and they summarily rejected it). As the general public is only beginning to get access to the newest equipment that measures "the incredible" aspects of quantum physics and because government approved specialists deny what many of us know as fact, we are forced to relay some of the information on Dan Nelson's geometric photon laser and water enhancement as theoretical because of legal concerns. We are in the process of obtaining new research to verify Dan Nelson's findings. Private tests appear to reveal that water absorption through the plant cells aquaporin was achieved in 30 seconds, and the water penetrated the plant cell aquaporin in 10 seconds. This test was done with water enhanced with Dan Nelson's geometric photon laser. Later, tests were done on dehydrated meats that appeared to have equally phenomenal results. New tests are being scheduled to reveal the same results with BIONAID™ which is enhanced with Dan Nelson's geometric photon laser and other devices to create the substrate which goes into the bionic reactor that makes covalent silver. In November of 2007, the super-concentrated substrate was ran through the Bion reactor. What was noticed for the first time was that the reactor's measuring instruments showed the bionic reaction was extremelty steady and remained very stable throughout the reaction process. This had never been seen before. Dan Nelson states that BIONAID™ is now 100 times more potent. It is important to note here that size is not all that matters when it comes to the minerals in a dietary supplement penetrating the cells. The charge of the particle can prevent it from passing through the "gate". For example, maintaining osmotic concentration in a cell needs a selective channel that permits water molecules to pass but bars the way for certain ions. In 1992 Peter Agre realized that a membrane protein that scientists in his laboratory had isolated from red blood cells and kidney cells might be the elusive water channel protein. Agre found that adding the protein known as CHIP28 to cells caused them to swell rapidly when they were placed in a hypo-osmotic solution; water was rushing into the cells, driven by the osmotic pressure. When Agre used purified CHIP28 to make a liposome (an artificial 'cell' comprising a bilayer membrane enclosing a tiny blob of solution) he observed the same phenomenon. Agre had found the first water transport protein, now known as aquaporin-1 (AQP1).
Water-Transporting Aquaporin. The local electrostatic field within the channel switches polarity in the middle, forcing the water molecules to rotate as they pass through. This stops chains of hydrogen-bonded water molecules from forming and thereby prevents leakage by proton-hopping. See water channels in cell membrane animations by clicking here. Agre tested his hypothesis that aquaporin might be a water channel protein in a simple experiment (see Aquaporin graphic below). He compared cells which contained the protein in question with cells which did not have it. When the cells were placed in a water solution, those that had the protein in their membranes absorbed water by osmosis and swelled up while those that lacked the protein were not affected at all. Agre also ran trials with artificial cell membranes, termed liposomes, which are a simple lipid bound droplets of water. He found that the liposomes became permeable to water only if the aquaporin protein was implanted in their artificial membranes. Agre also knew that mercury ions often prevent cells from taking up and releasing water, and he showed that water transport through his artificial membrane sacs with the aquaporin protein was prevented in the same way by mercury. This was further evidence that aquaporin might actually be a water channel. How does an aquaporin work? In 2000, together with other research teams, Agre reported the first high-resolution images of the three-dimensional structure of the aquaporin. With these data, it was possible to map in detail how a water channel might function. How is it that aquaporin only admits water molecules and not other molecules or ions? The membrane is, for instance, not allowed to leak protons. This is crucial because the difference in proton concentration between the inside and the outside of the cell is the basis of the cellular energy-storage system. Aquaporins form tetramers in the cell membrane, and facilitate the transport of water and, in some cases, other small solutes, as glycerol, across the membrane. However, the water pores are completely impermeable to charged species, such as protons, a remarkable property that is critical for the conservation of membrane's electrochemical potential. Based on hydrophobicity plots of their amino acid sequences , the aquaporins are predicted to have six membrane-spanning segments, as depicted in the model of aquaporin-1 below. Aquaporins exist in the plasma membrane as homotetramers. Each aquaporin monomer contains two hemi-pores, which fold together to form a water channel (Aquaporin graphic). The probable mechanism of action of aquaporin channels is studied using supercomputer simulations. In the April 2002 issue of Science, the simulations run by researchers at the University of Illinois (Morten Jensen, Sanghyun Park, Emad Tajkhorshid, and Klaus Schulten) and the University of California at San Francisco (D. Fu, A. Libson, L.J.W. Miercke, C. Weitzman, P. Nollert, J. Krucinski, and R.M. Stroud) suggested the orientation of water molecules moving through aquaporins assures that only water, not ions such as protons, pass between cells. The molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations of the channels comprised a system of more than 100,000 atoms and revealed the formation of a single file inside the channel indicating that the water molecules pass through the channel single-file. Upon entering, the water molecules face with their oxygen atom down the channel. Midstream, they reverse orientation, facing with the oxygen atom up. While passing through the channel, the ballet of water molecules streams through, always entering face down and leaving face up. Selectivity is a central property of the channel. Water molecules worm their way through the narrow channel by orienting themselves in the local electrical field formed by the atoms of the channel wall. The strictly opposite orientations of the water molecules keep them from conducting protons, while still permitting a fast flux of water molecules.
Aquaporin The physiological and medical significance of possible water channels is fascinating. The aquaporin proteins have been found to be a large protein family. More than 10 different mammalian aquaporins have been identified to date. Closely related water channel proteins have been isolated from plants, insects and bacteria. Aquaporin-1 from human red blood cells was the first to be discovered and is probably the best studied. In the human body alone, at least eleven different aquaporin protein variants have been found. The kidney removes, ehnances and replaces substances in the body. In the kidney water, ions and other small molecules leave the blood as ‘primary’ urine. Over 24 hours, about 170 liters of primary urine can be produced. Most of the water ('Living Water') from this is reabsorbed so that finally about one liter of urine a day leaves the body. From the glomerulus of the kidney, primary urine is passed on through a winding tube where about 70% of the water is reabsorbed to the blood by the aquaporin AQP1 protein. At the end of the glomerulus tube, another 10% of water is reabsorbed with a similar aquaporin, AQP2. Apart from this, sodium, potassium and chloride ions are also reabsorbed into the blood. Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) stimulates the transport of AQP2 to cell membranes in the tube walls and hence increases the water resorption from the urine. People with a deficiency of this hormone might be affected by the disease diabetes insipidus with a daily urine output of 10-15 liters. Dan Nelson states the following "theories" and research:
Bringing any pure water to a higher coherent quantum state and maintaining it there requires the manipulation of quantum thermodynamics. This is accomplished with a unique geometric laser that produces a time reversed particle wave. Technically, this is a virtual particle wave running in the near ultraviolet end of the spectrum. This laser has a higher degree of phase coherence (by a factor of 100) than a conventional EM laser no matter where the EM laser is running in the visual spectrum. The virtual laser imposes coherence (structure) on the vacuum medium around and through a given volume water and rotates energy out of vacuum into the fundamental water molecules. As entropy decreases (time reversed energy always runs thermodynamics in reverse) water physically expresses this by reorganizing fundamental particles to acquire a higher coherent quantum state. The molecular units jump from the lower (ground) state in mathematical predictable quantized stages with different crystalline shapes of progressively smaller size. This technology has exceeded in reducing micron size particles to less than one-half nanometer. Dan Nelson's claims that any water exposed to the Geometric Laser assumes a minimum spin state of 1.8 million bio-angstroms. The performance enhancement water that was produced jointly by Dan Nelson and Lloyd Mears clocks in at 12 million bio-angstroms. This water has a measured interfacial tension of 20 dynes/cm. However, the extraordinary hydrating properties of this water can be attributable, not to the reduced interfacial tension, but to the breaking down of the fundamental particle size to the sub nanometer range. These minimally small water particles now impart new and amazing properties and capabilities to water which must be experienced to appreciate." Dan has obtained empirical research data the proves his technology is effective in enhancing the cellular hydration of water. The science of thermodynamics involves the movement of heat - the reversible transformation of heat into other forms of energy such as mechanical energy. The first law of thermodynamics deals with the conservation of energy. The second law, commonly referred to as the entropy principle, refers to the degradation of the total energy in a system. Normally, entropy would be a microscopic variable describing a bulk property of matter - a quantitative measure of how disorganized a physical system is. So the second law says, for any "closed" system, the entropy (magnitude of disorganization) always increases. First of all, the law of entropy increase is statistical, not absolutely certain. According to the laws of quantum mechanics, at the quantum level there is said to be time reversibility, things can happen in any direction. The arrow of time can point in either direction for entities on the atomic/molecular scale. On the micro level, nothing seems to have a preference for one movement of time over the other. Forward or backward time movement is irrelevant to a molecule until we make the transition from thinking in terms of chemical thermodynamics to thinking in terms of quantum thermodynamics. Entropy can decrease in an "open" system. An example would be the ordered deposition of ions in a crystal lattice. The manifest growth of order is decreased entropy. Water enjoys the status of being an "open" system in its liquid phase. Liquid water is in an uncondensed phase. Heat transfer decreases entropy and water by shifting it into a condensed phase via the deposition of molecules in the ice lattice or the highly ordered fractal pattern of a snowflake. All three states of water (liquid, bulk, ice-fractal flakes) represent what would be considered highly coherent quantum states. Water is actually a crystal (so are we) in its uncondensed/liquid phase. Instead of phase shifting water to its condensed phase, we have developed a unique approach to decreasing the entropy of water while locking it into its uncondensed phase. This approach brings about a substantially higher coherent quantum state regarding liquid water. This involves the restructuring of water's crystalline molecular units into substantially smaller units. Supporting these smaller molecular units is the proprietary function of quantum thermodynamics. Water, as an open system, is exponentially susceptible to the quantum state of the vacuum medium or what is often referred to a zero point energy. This technology developed by Dan Nelson (ed. note - that we also provide in our product called The Water™) has been added to BIONAID™, thereby taking basic covalent silver to an exciting new level that appears to make it 100 times more potent, mainly because of two primary factors - the molecule is reduced to a high-spin-state sub-nano-sized particle and the charge (and spin) of the particle would assist passing through the aquaporin "gate" effecively. The key factor considered here is that the water suspending the tiny covalent silver particle is nano-sized as well. Additionally, private tests reveal that this new laser-enhanced sub-nano-technology appears to have an effect on other water - "encoding" the water it is added to with the energy waves in the form of fractal patterns that appear to cause the water molecules to change their size to sub-nano-size with a negative spin. (End of quotes from Dan Nelson) Further testing is underway to bring additional scientific evidence forward about BIONAID™. Private testing has been done to see how fast Dan Nelson's geometric laser-enhanced water would penetrate plant cells, and Dan Nelson reports that the researchers observing the tests were shocked to see it penetrate the plant cell in 10 seconds and totally hydrate the cell in 30 seconds - they thought it was a fluke. They repeated the test several times and the results were consistently the same, and they also noted that other waters exposed to Dan's water took on the same hydrating attributes. Later, 4 types of dehydrated meats were tested using a broad spectrum (20 diferent products) of water products, claiming to have the best quality. Several took 10 - 15 days to hydrate the dehydrated splices, a couple took 3-4 days, and Dan's took 10 minutes. Quantum bio-chemist, Ralph Anderson, substantiates this research by Dan Nelson. The silver concentration in parts-per-million (ppm) expresses the weight of the metal vs. the weight of the liquid it is suspended in. Particle concentration can be a very confusing measurement when comparing colloidal and covalent silver products because colloids, having very large particles, can have a high concentration of metal (ppm) but a very low particle surface area. Concentration (ppm) by itself is not what determines colloidal effectiveness. It is only the particle surface area that does. Particle surface area increases as the concentration of silver particles increases. To achieve a high particle surface area for a given concentration (ppm) of metal requires that the size of the particles be extremely small. The smallest particles ever measured in the lab are only a few times the diameter of the atoms themselves and are less than one nanometer in diameter. The highest particle surface area is achieved when there is a high concentration of these nanometer-sized particles. While this is the desired result, it is also the most difficult to achieve. For a better understanding of the research presented here regarding Dan Nelson and his contribution to BIONAID™ one may want to read UNIVERSE AS A CONSCIOUS HOLOGRAM by Matti Pitkänenone, realizing the holographic nature of our being. BIONAID™, a product that combines decades old covalent silver technology and the newest geometric laser technology developed by Dan Nelson appears to has achieved this, and then some. It appears that if the molecules were any smaller, the product would be a gas instead of a liquid. If you have trouble believing in the power of water (important to have salt also), then I recommend that you read what Dr. Fereydoon Batamanghelidj, M.D. has to say at at this website: http://www.watercure.com/, and read his book, "Your Body's Many Cries For Water".
Water Keeper Alerts
Click here to see a 2.5 hour documentary that may save your life. This documentary is provided here serving national security, public interest, health education, social welfare, civilization's safety and world peace. In addition to this documentary, I'd like to share this with you as well. Click here for another important warning video on Gardisil. Lets work together for better change. UPDATE: Dr. Leonard G. Horowitz is no longer providing the original Bionaid under his branding called Oxysilver, but is illegally using UPCOSH and related information to market his inferior product (that he refuses to reveal the manufacturer of), and he is using a faked interview using Elder's name to bolster his inferior product. Horowitz is also involved in the theft of the humanitarian donation that Elder, Dan and Thomas made to Uganda. ~ Elder
DISCLAIMER FOR BIONAID™ According to certain legal regulations, covalent silver has to include the following disclaimer: Be it known that the information herein may be educational and should not be used to diagnose or prescribe treatment of specific diseases. We make absolutely no claims of any cure for any disease. While all information provided herein may be educational, it is strictly for entertainment purposes only and is not intended to be construed as medical advice, nor are we intending to practice medicine or lead anyone away from a doctor. We make absolutely no claims of any cure or for any disease. Products should be used for experimental use only and in accordance with the regulations of the country you are in. |
